1. Iyini iphrotheni yesoya esekwe ezitshalweni

Ama-soya aphelele aqukethe cishe amaprotheni angu-36%. Ngemva kokukhipha uwoyela, ukudla okusele kwe-soya kuqukethe amaprotheni angu-43–48%, okwenza kube umthombo wamaprotheni ezitshalo osetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ekubunjweni kokudla, "iphrotheni ye-soya esekelwe ezitshalweni" empeleni ibhekisela emndenini wemikhiqizo.

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Ithebula 1 Imikhiqizo evamile ye-soy protein esekelwe ezitshalweni

Uhlobo lomkhiqizo	Iphrotheni evamile	Amanothi
Ukudla kobhontshisi	43–48%	Umkhiqizo ongaphansi kokukhishwa kwamafutha kasoya; inketho ejwayelekile nengabizi kakhulu
Ubhontshisi onamafutha agcwele okhishwe ngaphandle	cishe u-35%	Ubhontshisi ophelele ukhishwa ekushiseni okuphezulu, uwoyela ugciniwe
Iphrotheni yezitshalo ezibilisiwe	50–55%	Ufulawa wesoya ovutshelwe yizinambuzane ezincane; iphrotheni igaywa kusengaphambili
Iphrotheni yesoya efakwe nge-enzyme	50–55%	Ama-protease asetshenziselwa ukuphula ama-antigen nama-molecule amakhulu amaprotheni
Ukugxila kwamaprotheni e-soya	ngaphezu kwama-65%	Ushukela oncibilikayo uhlanziwe; amaprotheni aqongelelwe

Iphrotheni yesoya isetshenziswa ngobuningi obunjalo ngoba iphrofayili yayo ye-amino acid iyathandeka - ikakhulukazi i-lysine iphezulu, okuhambisana nokuntuleka kommbila. Ngakho-ke, "ukudla kommbila kanye nobhontshisi" sekuyinto ehlanganisiwe yokudla yakudala emhlabeni jikelele. Ukutholakala nakho kukhulu futhi amanani azinzile, futhi ngokungafani nokudla kwenhlanzi akunawo ubungozi bama-amine e-biogenic noma ama-microorganisms abangela izifo.

Kodwa ukudla kwesoya kuvela embewini, futhi imbewu iyazivikela. Leso simiso sokuzivikela yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi izinto ezilwa nokudla okunempilo (ama-ANF).

2. Amaqembu amathathu ezici ezilwa nokudla okunempilo, ngalinye linomgoqo walo

2.1 I-Trypsin inhibitor (TIA) — idonsa yonke indlela yokudla

I-Trypsin iyi-enzyme eyinhloko yokugaya amaprotheni esilwaneni. I-TIA icindezela umsebenzi wayo, futhi umphumela awugcini nje nge-soy protein: ukugayeka kwawo wonke umthombo wamaprotheni ekudleni kuyadonswa phansi, kufaka phakathi ukudla kwenhlanzi okubizayo. I-protein engagaywanga idlulela esiswini, lapho iba yindawo yokubilisa amagciwane futhi ikhiqize i-ammonia nama-amine okwenza ukukhula kube kuncane.

2.2 Amaprotheni alwa nama-antigenic (i-glycinin ne-beta-conglycinin) — impendulo yokungezwani komzimba

Lawa maprotheni amabili okugcina asebenza njengezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ezilwaneni ezincane. Alimaza i-epithelium yamathumbu futhi abangele ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kanye nokuvuvukala, okuvezwa ngokwezokwelapha njengohudo, ukuncipha kokudla kanye nokukhula okumile. Iningi "lohudo lwesinkwa sikabhontshisi" ngemuva kokulunyulwa ezilwaneni ezincane libuyela emuva kuzo.

2.3 Ama-oligosaccharides (i-stachyose ne-raffinose) — inkinga kuzo zombili izinhlangothi

Izingulube nezimfanzi azinawo ama-alpha-galactosidase futhi azikwazi ukugaya lawa ma-oligosaccharide, okubangela izinkinga ezimbili. Okokuqala, zifika esiswini sangemuva bese zivundiswa ngamagciwane, zikhiqize igesi futhi zikhulise ingozi yohudo. Okwesibili, zidala umphumela we-osmotic emathunjini amancane, zidonsa amanzi angene ku-lumen; okuqukethwe kwamanzi e-digesta kuyakhuphuka, izinga lokudlula liyashesha, futhi izakhamzimba ziyakhishwa ngaphambi kokuba zimuncwe, ngakho-ke ukugaya kuyawohloka kakhulu.

I-soy lectin iyinkinga eyengeziwe: ibopha i-intestinal villi futhi ibangele umonakalo womshini, inciphise indawo emuncayo.

3. Inkinga enganakwa: ukudla kwesoya ngokwako akuhambisani njalo

Amaqoqo amabili okudla kwesoya abhalwe ukuthi angama-43% amaprotheni angahluka kakhulu ngokuqukethwe kwe-ANF. Izizathu ziyasebenza:

• Izinhlobo zesoya ziyahlukahluka, kanye namazinga azo emvelo e-ANF ayahluka.
• Imvelaphi nesimo sezulu kuyahlukahluka, futhi izimo zokukhula zithinta ukwakheka kwembewu.
• Isikhathi sokuvuna siyahluka; ubhontshisi wezitshalo ezintsha kanye nobhontshisi wezitshalo ezindala azikho esimweni esifanayo.
• Izigayo zikawoyela ziyahlukahluka ngenqubo yokuncibilikisa kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa. Ukwelashwa okwanele kokushisa kushiya ama-ANF engasebenzi ngokuphelele, kuyilapho ukushisa okweqile kubangela ukusabela kweMaillard futhi kuvale i-lysine.

Empeleni lokhu kusho ukuthi isazi sokudla okunempilo singalandela ishidi elifanayo lokwakheka futhi sithole ukugayeka okuhlukile ngeqoqo ngalinye. Kubukeka sengathi inkinga yokwakheka; imbangela eyinhloko isezintweni zokusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, ekudleni kwezilwane ezincane, ukuhambisana kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kubalulekile njengoba nje kuchazwe izakhamzimba.

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Kungani izilwane ezincane zingakwazi ukubhekana nesimo

Ukuyekisa ukulunyulwa - kanye nokufuywa kwezinhlanzi, ukudluliselwa echibini kanye nokuthuthwa - nakho kuyimbangela enkulu yokucindezeleka. Ingulube encane ihlukaniswa nengulube, ishintshwe ngokuzumayo isuke obisini iye ekudleni okuqinile okwakhelwe kakhulu ezithakweni zezitshalo, futhi ixutshwe namathole angajwayelekile. Kuleli qophelo uhlelo lwayo lwe-enzyme yokugaya ukudla lusakhula: ukukhishwa kwe-pepsin kanye ne-trypsin kusezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lomjikelezo wokukhiqiza wonke.

Amandla okugaya abuthakathaka kakhulu kolunye uhlangothi, okuwukudla okucebile kakhulu kwe-ANF kolunye - lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi ukufakwa kokudla kwesoya kumele kuvinjelwe kakhulu ekudleni kwamachwane ezingulube, ama-shrimp post-larvae kanye nama-fish fry. Kulesi sigaba, noma yisiphi isithako esenezela umthwalo wamathumbu sinezindleko zaso ezandisiwe kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula elandelayo.

5. Izindlela ezine zokuthuthukisa iphrotheni yesoya

Ithebula 2 Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindlela eziyinhloko zokucubungula amaprotheni e-soya

Inqubo	Umphumela	Ukulinganiselwa
Ukwelashwa ngokushisa	Ivimbela i-trypsin inhibitor kanye ne-lectin	Ukushisa okukhulu kubangela ukusabela kwe-Maillard, okunciphisa ukugaya ukudla esikhundleni salokho
Ukukhipha	Ivula iphrotheni elijiyile eliyindilinga libe yisakhiwo esixegayo se-fibrous, okwandisa izindawo zokubopha ama-enzyme	Ayikwazi ukususa ama-oligosaccharides noma amaprotheni e-antigenic ngokwayo
I-hydrolysis ye-enzyme	Ukuhlukaniswa okuqondiwe kwama-molecule amakhulu amaprotheni nama-antigen, okukhiqiza ama-peptide amancane	Ayikhiqizi izingxenye ezengeziwe ezisebenzayo
Ukubilisa	Ama-microorganisms abhubhisa ama-antigen nama-oligosaccharide ngenkathi ekhiqiza amaprotheni amancane, ama-peptide amancane, ama-nucleotide, i-beta-glucan kanye nama-mannan-oligosaccharides	Kudinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kohlobo kanye nezimo zokubilisa

I-hydrolysis ye-enzyme kanye nokubilisa yizindlela ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ezivamile namuhla. Umehluko yilo: i-hydrolysis iyasusa - isusa okuyingozi. Ukubilisa kuyasusa futhi kwengeze - ngenkathi kususwa ama-ANF, i-metabolism yamagciwane iphinde inikeze isethi yezingxenye ze-probiotic kanye ne-immune-active.

Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ukubilisa kunengozi yokungaguquguquki kwayo. Uhlobo olungazinikele, izinga lokushisa lokubilisa elishintshashintshayo noma ukungcola eshabhu konke kuzokhiqiza ukwehluka kwe-batch-to-batch. Ngakho-ke ukwahlulela umkhiqizo wephrotheni obilisiwe kusho ukubheka ngale kwezibalo embikweni wokuhlola womuntu wesithathu ukuthi ngabe ukhiqizwa njalo yini, ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo, ngohlobo oluhleliwe kanye nenqubo ezenzakalelayo.

6. Isifinyezo

Iphrotheni yesoya ayikaze ibe umbuzo wokuthi ingasetshenziswa yini, kodwa umbuzo wokuthi kumele icutshungulwe ibanga elingakanani ngaphambi kokuba iphephe ukuphakela izilwane ezincane. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziphakanyisiwe lapho kuhlolwa isithako sephrotheni yesoya:

1. Ukuthi izici ezilwa nokudla okunempilo zincishiswe kangakanani — i-trypsin inhibitor, i-antigenic protein kanye nama-oligosaccharides ikakhulukazi, okusekelwa idatha yokuhlolwa evela eceleni.

2. Ukuthi ukugayeka kuphakeme kangakanani — ukuthi isakhiwo seprotheyini siguqulwe saba yindlela elula yokugayeka.

3. Ukuthi kuvumelana kangakanani phakathi kwamaqoqo — ukuthi inqubo iyalawulwa yini nokuthi ikhwalithi iyalandeleka ngokugcwele.

Mayelana ne-Sustar PeptiMax

I-Sustar PeptiMax iyiprotheni yesoya esebenza kahle kakhulu egaywa kahle eyakhiwe ngezindlela ezintathu ezingenhla. Ukudla kwesoya okuphezulu kusetshenziswa njengesisekelo futhi kucutshungulwa ngokushisa okuphezulu, i-enzymatic saccharification, ukubiliswa okujulile kwe-aerobic nge-Saccharomyces cerevisiae, i-extrusion kanye nokomisa okuphansi.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu: iphrotheni eluhlaza engu-55% noma ngaphezulu, ukugayeka kwe-pepsin okungu-95% noma ngaphezulu, i-trypsin inhibitor kanye ne-lectin akutholakalanga, i-stachyose kanye ne-raffinose kanye ne-sucrose engaphansi kuka-0.50%, iphrotheni ye-antigenic engu-2% noma ngaphansi kwayo.

Ukubilisa kwenziwa ngokuhlunga okuzinikele endaweni yokuhlanza elawulwa amazinga okushisa emgqeni ozenzakalelayo ngokuphelele, oqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwe-batch-to-batch kanye nokulandelela okugcwele kwekhwalithi. Umkhiqizo ucebile ngamaseli emvubelo aphilayo, i-beta-glucan, i-mannan-oligosaccharides kanye nama-nucleotide, okuhlanganisa inani lomthombo wamaprotheni esitshalo kanye nowesilimo semvubelo esisebenzayo.

Kunconywa ukudla kwezingulube ezincane okungu-3–5% kanye nokudla kwezinhlanzi okuphambili kwezinhlanzi, izinhlanzi ezihlala emanzini kanye nezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezingu-3–5%.

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Iphrotheni yeSoy esebenzayo egayeka kahle

Iphrotheni Yesitshalo Enephrotheni Eningi · Isiko Lemvubelo Elisebenzayo

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