Yendabukookungeziwe kokudlai-sulfate yethusiinobuthakathakasukupheka ngamakhekhengenxa yomswakamaukumuncwa, ukukwazi ukunamathela kahle kwe-oxidation, umonakalo emishinini yokucubungula kanye nokwehluleka okusheshayo kwe-izakhamzimba, ama-enzyme, amavithamini namafutha ekudleni,okuholela ekunciphiseni ukunambithakokudla.I-SUSTARi-tri-basic copper chlorideumkhiqizoiziciphansii-hygroscopicity, kuhleukugeleza kwamanzi, ukuzinza kwesakhiwo, ukungakwazi ukunamathela kahle kwe-oxidation kanye nokutholakala okuphezulu kwe-bioavailability kanyekuyintoidunyiswa njenge-"uguquko"umthombo wethusi.
Ulwazi Lomkhiqizo
Igama lekhemikhali:I-chloride yethusi eyisisekelo esi-tri
Ifomula yemolekyuli: Cu₂(OH)₃Cl
Misisindo se-olecular: 213.57
Umlingiswa:Impuphu eluhlaza okotshani noma eluhlaza okotshani,ukungabhaki,ngomzimba omuhle kanye namakhemikhaliukugeleza kwamanzi.
Izinkomba Zomzimba Nezamakhemikhali
| Isithakos | Inkomba | |
| I-Cu₂ (OH)₃Cl,% | ≥97.8 | |
| Okuqukethwe kwethusi, % | ≥58 | |
| I-Arsenic(kuncike ku-A), mg/kg | ≤10 | |
| I-Plumbum(kuncike ku-Pb), mg/kg | ≤10 | |
| I-Cadmium (incike ku-Cd), mg/kg | ≤3 | |
| I-Mercury(kuncike ku-Hg), mg/kg | ≤0.1 | |
| Umswakama, % | ≤0.5 | |
| Ubunono (ngokusebenzisa isihlungi sokuhlola se-W=250μm), % | ≥95 | |
| Qaphela: I-Dioxin kanye ne-PCB ziqukethwekuumkhiqizovumelanangokwezinga le-EU | ||
Isici Somkhiqizos
lPhansii-hygroscopicityfuthiakuthambekele ekuphukeni kwe-deliquescence.
Umkhiqizo ungavimbela ngempumelelo ukubhakwa kwekhekhe okuvela ku-umswakamaukumuncwa kwe-ti-ri-basic copper chloride futhi yandise impilo yokugcina.
lKuhleukufana
Njengoba ububanzi bokusanhlamvu bungu-0.05-0.15mm futhi kulula ukugeleza, ingagwemaubuthi bethusiukungaxubani nokudla ngokulinganayo.
lKunciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwezakhamzimba kokudla
Cu2+ ixhunywe yisibopho se-covalent ukuze ithuthukiseisakhiwoukuzinza kanye nokwenza buthaka ukungcoliswa kwamavithamini,i-phytasekanye namafutha ekudleni.
lUkuphakama okuphezului-iologicalinani
Ngokutholakala okuphezulu kwe-bioavailability,i-tri-basic copper chloridekunganciphisa umthamo futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula.
lUkuthandeka okuhle
Ukuthamba kunquma izinga lokumuncwa kokudla.I-chloride yethusi eyisisekelo esi-triinokunambitheka okuhle njengoba inani layo le-pH lilinganiselwaku-ainani elingathathi hlangothi.
Isicelo
(I) Wamaphuphu engulube athosiwe
UkungezakufanelekileUkufakwa kwe-tri-basic copper chloride ekudleni kwansuku zonke kwengulube encane ekhunyuliwe kungathuthukaiimisebenzi yama-enzyme e-antioxidantI-CERfuthiI-Cu/Zn-SODku-serum yengulube encane ekhunyuliwe futhi inciphiseimpendulo yokucindezeleka kwe-oxidativefuthiisifo sohudoizinga lengulube encane ekhunyulwe ubisi.
Umphumela wemithombo ehlukene yethusi kuma-enzyme e-antioxidant engulube encane
Umphumela we-TBCC ezingeni lohudo lwengulube encane ekhunyulwe ubisi
(II) Gingulube yokuqeda ukugwedla
Ukuqinisekisa iimpilo yamathumbuof ingulube ekhulisayois iimfuneko yokuqala yokukhula kwezilwane okunempilo. Ukujulaama-crypts amathumbuithinimelelaukuvuthwa kwei-enterocyteAmathumbu angajulilei-crypt iyinginamandla kakhuluukukhishwa kwamathumbuumsebenzi. Ngemvaingulube ekhulisayoiphakelwai-tri-basic copper chloride, ukujula kwei-crypt yamathumbu iyancipha, umsebenzi wokukhipha amathumbu uyathuthuka, kanye nesilinganiso sokuguqulwa kokudla kwansuku zonke kanye nokuzuza kwansuku zonkefuthiisidumbuukwanda kwesisindo.
Umphumela we-TBCC emathunjini ezingulube ezincane
Umphumela we-TBCC emathunjini ezingulube ezincane
(III) Idada lenkukhu
Ucwaningokukhombisa ukuthi ukwengeza10mg/kgi-tri-basic copper chloride(njengoba ku-Cu) ukudla kunomthelela ofanayo ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kokukhula,isimo samathumbufuthiisici samamineraliezicutshini zedada lenkukhu njengoba150mg/kg CuSO4(njengoba ku-Cu); ngenkathi kungezwa150mg/kgi-tri-basic copper chloride (njengoba ku-Cu) ingathuthukisa kangcono umkhiqizo kanyeisimo samathumbuyedada lenkukhu.
(IV) Inkukhu Yenkukhuinyama yenkukhu
I-chloride yethusi eyisisekelo esi-triithinikhuthazaukukhishwa kwama-hormone ahlobene ne-ukukhulakanye nokudla nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba kanye nempilo yomzimba yomgudu wamathumbu, ukuze kwandiswe umkhiqizo wenkukhu yenkukhu kanye nomvuzo wokudla kanye nokunciphisa isilinganiso sokuguqulwa kokudla.
| Umthombo wethusi | Izinga lethusi | Usuku 1-21 | Usuku 22-42 | Usuku 1-42 | |||||||||
| BW1d g/inyoni | BW21d g/inyoni | I-AFI g/inyoni | I-BWG g/inyoni | F:G g:g | BW42d g/inyoni | I-AFI g/inyoni | I-BWG g/inyoni | F:G g:g | I-AFI g/inyoni | I-BWG g/inyoni | F:G g:g | ||
| I-CON | 0 | 43.47 | 821.5* | 1057* | 778.0* | 1.359 | 2491* | 2897 | 1670 | 1.734 | 3954 | 2447* | 1.614 |
| I-CuS | 40 | 43.5 | 847 | 1091 | 803.5 | 1.358 | 2514b | 2901 | 1667 | 1.740 | 3993 | 2471b | 1.616 |
| 80 | 43.45 | 868.4 | 1139 | 825.2 | 1.381 | 2530b | 2916 | 1662 | 1.755 | 4055 | 2487b | 1.630 | |
| 120 | 43.47 | 872.2 | 1123 | 828.7 | 1.356 | 2533b | 2887 | 1661 | 1.738 | 4010 | 2490b | 1.611 | |
| 160 | 43.55 | 869.7 | 1121 | 826.2 | 1.356 | 2549b | 2946 | 1679 | 1.754 | 4067 | 2505b | 1.623 | |
| I-CuT | 40 | 43.42 | 863.9 | 1101 | 820.7 | 1.341 | 2536b | 2899 | 1672 | 1.733 | 4000 | 2493b | 1.604 |
| 80 | 43.50 | 903.8 | 1168 | 860.2 | 1.357 | 2637a | 2978 | 1734 | 1.718 | 4147 | 2594a | 1.599 | |
| 120 | 43.47 | 886.7 | 1126 | 843.2 | 1.335 | 2555b | 2869 | 1668 | 1.720 | 3995 | 2511b | 1.591 | |
| 160 | 43.48 | 897.6 | 1167 | 854.1 | 1.366 | 2548b | 2857 | 1650 | 1.731 | 4023 | 2504b | 1.607 | |
| I-SEM | 0.04 | 12.87 | 19.83 | 12.86 | 0.012 | 12.03 | 42.14 | 19.48 | 0.020 | 40.73 | 12.02 | 0.014 | |
Qaphela: amanani e-ac angenawo afanayoumbhalo ongenhlabonisa umehluko obalulekile (P<0.05); CON: Ukulawula; I-CuS:I-CuS:Ci-opper sulfate; I-CuT:I-chloride yethusi eyisisekelo esi-tri; I-AFI:Ukudla okujwayelekile okudliwayo;I-BWG:Ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba;F:G:Isilinganiso sokuphakelwa kanye nokuzuza; * simelela umehluko omkhulu ekulawuleni kanye nawo wonke amaqembu ethusi (P<0.05).
(V) Ruminants
I-chloride yethusi eyisisekelo esi-triayincibiliki emanzini futhi ikhipha i-Cu encane2+ngakho-ke ayinayoumphumela wokuphikisaku-Cu, S kanye no-Mo kui-rumenkodwa kungathuthukisa ukutholakala kwethusi kanye nokugayeka kahle kwesisu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungandisa kangcono inzuzo yansuku zonke kanye nokudla.ingxoxoisilinganiso se-ruminantkanyeinzuzo yesiko kanyenciphisaiizindleko zokudla kunei-sulfate yethusikanye nama-cu-lys.
Umphumela wemithombo ehlukene yethusi ezinkomeni ezincane
Umthelela we-TBCC ku-carassius auratus gibelio
(VI) Aimfuyo yemvelo
Ukungezati-ri-basic copper chlorideku-ukudla kwasemanzinikungathuthukisa umkhiqizo, izinga lokugaya ukudla kanye nenkomba yamakhemikhali egaziniimfuyo yasemanzini kanyekhulisa amathumbuizitshalo ezincane, ngakho-ke inomqondo othileamandlainani lokusetshenziswa kokudla kwasemanzini.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye nesilinganiso
Ububanzi besicelo: Wamaphuphu engulube athosiwe, izingulube ezikhula ziqede, inkukhu, isilwane esidla inyamasinhlanzies, i-shrimpskanye nenkalankalas, njll.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye nomthamo:Isilinganiso seukudla okuxubile kwe-g/Tkuboniswe ngezansi.
| Okungeziweinani,mg/kg(njengokwento ngayinye) | |||
| Isigaba sezilwane | Yasekhayainani elinconyiwe lokwengeza | Umkhawulo ophezulu | I-SUSTARkunconyiweinani elingeziwe |
| Ingulube | 3-6 | 125(ingulube) | 6.0 –15.0 |
| Inyama yenkukhu | 6-10 | 8.0 – 15.0 | |
| Ithole | 15(i-pre-ruminant) | 5-10 | |
| 30(amanye amathole) | 10-25 | ||
| Izimvu | 15 | 5-10 | |
| Imbuzi | 35 | 10-25 | |
| I-Crustacea | 50 | 15-30 | |
| Okunye | 25 | ||
| Qaphela: Isilinganiso esinconywayo singahlangabezana nesidingo esiyisisekelo sethusi. Uma kunesidingo esikhethekile, isilinganiso singalungiswa. | |||
Imininingwane yokupakisha:25kg/isikhwama, isikhwama se-duplex.
Indlela yokugcina:Kuvaliwe futhi kugcinwe endaweni epholile, enomoya omuhle futhi eyomile.
Isitoreji impilo:24izinyanga
EU okujwayelekile ye-dioxin nama-PCB
| Into | Umkhawulo ophezulu |
| I-Dioxin | 1ng/kg |
| Ama-PCB | 0.35ng/kg |
| Isamba sama-PCB e-dioxin ne-dioxin | 1.5ng/kg |
| Ama-PCB e-Dioxin | 10μg/kg |
Oxhumana naye wezindaba:
U-Elaine Xu
Iqembu le-SUSTAR
I-imeyili:elaine@sustarfeed.com
Ucingo/I-WhatsApp: +86 18880477902
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-22-2025
