Isonto Lesine Lika-Agasti Izinto Ezilandelwayo Ukuhlaziywa Kwemakethe I-Zinc sulfate I-Manganese sulfate I-Ferrous sulfate I-Copper sulfate eyisisekelo yethusi i-chloride I-Magnesium oxide I-Calcium iodate I-Sodium selenite I-Cobalt chloride

Ukuhlaziywa Kwemakethe Yezinto Zokulandelela

Mina,Ukuhlaziywa kwezinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous

Isonto nesonto: Inyanga nenyanga:

1）I-Zinc sulfate

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: i-zinc hypooxide: Njengoba kunezindleko eziphezulu zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinhloso zokuthenga eziqinile ezivela ezimbonini ezingezansi, abakhiqizi banesifiso esinamandla sokuphakamisa amanani, futhi i-coefficient ephezulu yokuthengiselana ivuselelwa njalo. ② Amanani e-sulfuric acid ahlala eqinile ezweni lonke kuleli sonto. Umlotha wesoda: Amanani abezinzile kuleli sonto. ③ Ngokwe-macroscopically, okulindelwe kokwehliswa kwezinga le-Fed kuyashintshashintsha, inkomba yedola iyakhuphuka, izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous zingaphansi kwengcindezi, futhi imakethe ikhathazekile ngesimo sokufunwa kwe-zinc. Ngokuphathelene nezisekelo, izinqolobane zasekhaya ziyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, iphethini yokwenyuka kwe-zinc ayikashintshi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kusebuthakathaka okwamanje. Imizwa ye-macro iyashintshashintsha, isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi se-zinc yaseShanghai siyahla, silinde isiqondiso esengeziwe se-macro.

Amanani e-zinc kulindeleke ukuthi aqale phakathi kwama-yuan angu-22,000 kuya ku-22,500 ngethani ngesonto elizayo.

Izinga lokusebenza kwemboni yesampula ye-zinc ye-sulfate yamanzi ngoMsombuluko lalingu-83%, lehle ngo-11% kusukela ngesonto eledlule, kanti izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla lalingu-71%, lehle ngo-2% kusukela ngesonto eledlule. Izingcaphuno zaleli sonto ziyafana nezesonto eledlule. Ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zesonto, amakhasimende embonini yokudla nomanyolo ayenenqwaba, abakhiqizi abakhulu behlela ama-oda kuze kube maphakathi noSepthemba kanti amanye kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Izinga lokusebenza eliphelele lalivamile, kodwa ukuthathwa kwama-oda kwakunganele kakhulu. Kunezimo ezahlukene zokudonsa emakethe yesikhashana. Amabhizinisi okuphakelayo awazange asebenze kakhulu ekuthengeni muva nje. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephindwe kabili yamazinga okusebenza amabhizinisi aphezulu kanye nama-oda akhona anganele, i-zinc sulfate izoqhubeka nokusebenza kancane nangokuzinzile esikhathini esifushane. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uhlangothi lwesidingo lunqume uhlelo lokuthenga kusenesikhathi ngokusekelwe esimweni salo sempahla.

2）I-Manganese sulfate

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: ① Imakethe ye-manganese ore yayizinzile ngokushintshashintsha kanye nokuhoxa. Phakathi kwazo, amanani amabhlogo asenyakatho yeHong Kong neMacau, amabhlogo aseGabon, njll. ehle kancane ngo-0.5 yuan ngethani, kuyilapho amanani ezinye izinhlobo ze-ore ahlala eqinile okwamanje. Imakethe ye-manganese ore iyonke yahlala izinzile futhi isesimweni sokulinda nokubona. Kwakunezingcaphuno ezimbalwa ezivela kubadayisi kanye nemibuzo embalwa evela ezimbonini. Intengo ye-manganese ore yayisesimweni lapho amanani aphansi kwakunzima ukubuza ngawo kanti amanani aphezulu kwakunzima ukuwathengisa. Isimo sokuhweba echwebeni sasihamba kancane. Ukubuyiselwa kwemizwa yamalahle okupheka kuholele imakethe ye-silicon manganese ukuthi ikhuphuke ngomsindo. Njengamanje, izimboni ze-alloy kanye nemishini yensimbi yokugcina zisebenza ezingeni eliphakeme, zinikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile ohlangothini lokufunwa kwe-manganese ore yezinto zokusetshenziswa. Abavukuzi abavamile balindele umjikelezo omusha wesidingo sokugcwalisa kabusha impahla ngoSepthemba futhi banesifiso esiphansi sokuthengisa ngamanani aphansi. Umehluko wamanani phakathi kwemibuzo yefektri kanye nezingcaphuno zabadayisi ukhuphukile.

②Amanani e-sulfuric acid azinzile kakhulu.

Kuleli sonto, izinga lokusebenza kwabakhiqizi besampula ye-manganese sulfate bekungu-71%, ukwehla okungu-15% uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla bekungu-44%, kwehle ngo-17% kusukela ngesonto eledlule. Ukugcinwa kwamanye amafektri kuholele ekwehleni kwedatha. Ukulethwa kwamafektri bekunzima. Izingcaphuno ezivela emafektri amakhulu zenyuke kuleli sonto uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Engxenyeni yesibili yenyanga, inani labakhiqizi be-manganese sulfate abavaliwe ngenxa yokulungiswa lenyuke. Akukho ukwanda okukhulu kuma-oda okuhweba kwamanye amazwe, futhi amakhasimende asekhaya ayengenaso isifiso esikhulu sokugcwalisa kabusha ama-inventories. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwenani lama-oda ebhizinisi kanye nezici zezinto zokusetshenziswa, i-manganese sulfate izohlala izinzile esikhathini esifushane. Kunconywa ukuthi amakhasimende anciphise ngokufanele isitokwe.

Kunconywa ukuthi uhlangothi lwezidingo lunqume uhlelo lokuthenga kusenesikhathi ngokusekelwe esimweni salo sempahla.

3）I-ferrous sulfate

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: Isidingo se-titanium dioxide esiphansi sihlala sihamba kancane. Abanye abakhiqizi baqoqe izinqolobane ze-titanium dioxide, okuholele emazingeni aphansi okusebenza. Isimo sokutholakala okuncane kwe-ferrous sulfate eQishui siyaqhubeka.

Kuleli sonto, izinga lokusebenza kwabakhiqizi be-ferrous sulfate yesampula bekungu-75%, kanti izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla bekungu-24%, lihlala liphansi uma liqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Izilinganiso kuleli sonto bezizinzile uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Njengoba abakhiqizi behlela ama-oda kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba, ukunikezwa kwe-ferrous heptahydrate yezinto zokusetshenziswa kuncane futhi intengo ihlala iqinile ezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokusekelwa kwezindleko kanye nama-oda amaningi, kulindeleke ukuthi intengo ye-ferrous monohydrate izohlala iqinile ezingeni eliphezulu esikhathini esizayo, ikakhulukazi ethinteka yizinga lokusebenza kwemboni ye-titanium dioxide kanye nentuthuko ehlobene yokuhlinzekwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Muva nje, ukuthunyelwa kwe-ferrous sulfate heptahydrate kube kuhle, okuholele ekukhuphukeni kwezindleko zabakhiqizi be-ferrous sulfate monohydrate. Njengamanje, izinga lokusebenza lilonke le-ferrous sulfate eShayina alilihle, futhi amabhizinisi anempahla encane kakhulu. I-ferrous sulfate kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke esikhathini esifushane, futhi amakhasimende elulekwa ukuthi andise impahla yawo ngokufanele.

4）I-sulfate yethusi/i-chloride yethusi eyisisekelo

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Ngokwe-macroscopically, ukwehluka kwenqubomgomo ngaphakathi kwe-Fed kuvele. Nakuba amanani ahlala engashintshile emhlanganweni kaJulayi, izikhulu ezimbalwa zisekele ukwehliswa kwamanani ngoSepthemba. Imakethe ilinde izindaba zezingxoxo zase-Ukraine, futhi ukubuya kukawoyela ongahluziwe kuhlanganiswe nokulindelwa okuqinisiwe kokwehliswa kwamanani e-Fed kuyinkxaso enhle yamanani ethusi.

Ngokuphathelene nezisekelo, uhlangothi lokuhlinzeka lubone ushintsho olucacile kusukela ekuhlinzekweni okuqinile kwethusi le-electrolytic kuya kokungatholakali kalula ngenxa yokwanda kokufika okuvela ezindaweni zokuhluza zasekhaya. Uhlangothi lokufunwa lusesesikhathini esivamile sokuphumula, lapho ukuthengwa okufunwayo kugcinwa khona futhi kugcwaliswa kabusha izinto ezikhona ngamanani aphansi, futhi umbono jikelele uyaqaphela. Sekukonke, umbono omuhle we-macro unikeze ukwesekwa okuthile kwamanani ethusi.

Ngokuphathelene nesixazululo sokusika: Abanye abakhiqizi bezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu bahlinzeka ngesisombululo sokusika esijulile, ukushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuyanda kakhulu, futhi i-coefficient yokuthengiselana ihlala iphezulu.

Ngokuphathelene nentengo, kulindeleke ukuthi intengo yethusi izoshintshashintsha kancane phakathi kwebanga lama-yuan angu-79,500 ngethani kuleli sonto.

Kuleli sonto, izinga lokusebenza kwabakhiqizi be-copper sulfate/caustic copper lingu-100% kanti izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla lingu-45%, lihlala liphansi uma liqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Kuleli sonto, izingcaphuno ezivela kubakhiqizi abakhulu zihlale zifana nesonto eledlule.

Ngokusekelwe ekuthambekeleni kwamuva kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezimo zokusebenza zabakhiqizi, i-copper sulfate kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale isezingeni eliphezulu ngokuguquguquka kwesikhathi esifushane. Amakhasimende ayalulekwa ukuthi agcine izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile.

5）I-magnesium oxide

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: I-magnesite yezinto zokusetshenziswa izinzile.

Ifektri isebenza kahle futhi ukukhiqizwa kuvamile. Isikhathi sokulethwa ngokuvamile siphakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-7. Amanani abelokhu eqinile kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba. Njengoba ubusika busondela, kunezinqubomgomo ezindaweni ezinkulu zefektri ezivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwama-oven ekukhiqizeni i-magnesium oxide, kanye nezindleko zokusebenzisa amalahle kaphethiloli ziyanda ebusika. Uma kuhlanganiswa nalokhu okungenhla, kulindeleke ukuthi intengo ye-magnesium oxide ikhuphuke kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuDisemba. Amakhasimende ayelulekwa ukuthi athenge ngokuya ngesidingo.

6）I-magnesium sulfate

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: Njengamanje, intengo ye-sulfuric acid enyakatho iyanda esikhathini esifushane.

Izitshalo ze-magnesium sulfate zisebenza ngo-100%, ukukhiqizwa nokulethwa kuvamile, futhi ama-oda ahlelelwe kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Intengo ye-magnesium sulfate kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale izinzile ngo-Agasti. Njengoba uSepthemba esondela, intengo ye-sulfuric acid ingase ikhuphuke, futhi akukacaci ukuthi intengo ye-magnesium sulfate izokwenyuka kakhulu. Amakhasimende ayelulekwa ukuthi athenge ngokwezinhlelo zawo zokukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zempahla.

7）I-calcium iodide

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Imakethe ye-iodine yasekhaya izinzile njengamanje, ukunikezwa kwe-iodine ehlanjululwe evela eChile kuzinzile, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwabakhiqizi be-iodide kuzinzile.

Kuleli sonto, izinga lokukhiqizwa kwabakhiqizi besampula ye-calcium iodate beliyi-100%, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla lalingu-36%, njengoba kwakunjalo ngesonto eledlule, futhi izingcaphuno zabakhiqizi abavamile zahlala zizinzile. Imboni yezilwane nezinkukhu ibone ukukhuphuka kwesidingo njengoba isimo sezulu siqala ukubanda, futhi abakhiqizi bokudla kwasemanzini bebesesizini yesidingo esiphezulu, okwenza ukwanda okuncane kwesidingo kuleli sonto uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto elivamile.

Isidingo sihlale sizinzile kuleli sonto uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto elivamile. Amakhasimende ayelulekwa ukuthi athenge ngokwesidingo ngokusekelwe ekuhleleni kokukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zempahla.

8）I-selenite ye-sodium

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: Intengo yendali ye-selenium eluhlaza evela kubancibilikisi bethusi ibilokhu ikhuphuka muva nje, okubonisa ukwanda komsebenzi wokuthengiselana kwemakethe ye-selenium kanye nokwethemba okukhulayo ekuthambekeni kwesikhathi esizayo kwamanani emakethe ye-selenium.

Kuleli sonto, izinga lokusebenza kwabakhiqizi besampula ye-sodium selenite beliyi-100% kanti izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla beliyi-36%, lihlala liphansi uma liqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Ithintwe ukwanda kwama-oda okuthumela kwamanye amazwe avela kubakhiqizi, intengo yempuphu ye-sodium selenite emsulwa ikhuphuke kuleli sonto uma iqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule.

Amanani ezinto ezingavuthiwe asalindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke, futhi isidingo siyalulekwa ukuthi sithenge ngesikhathi esifanele ngokusekelwe ezinqolobaneni zabo.

9）I-Cobalt chloride

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Ngasohlangothini lokuhlinzekwa, izincibilikisi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ziyaqhubeka nokukhula emikhiqizweni ye-cobalt, futhi ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye ne-cobalt chloride, umuzwa wokuqongelela nokuvimba ukuthengiswa uyakhula; Ngasohlangothini lokufunwa, ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamanani okuqhubekayo ezikhathini zamuva nje, kube nombono okhulayo wokulinda nokubona phansi. Amanani kulindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke kancane ngesonto elizayo.

Njengoba isimo sezulu siqala ukupholisa kancane kancane, ukudla okucatshangwayo kanye nesidingo kuye kwanda, kugcina ukuthengwa okubalulekile. Isidingo sikhuphuke kancane kuleli sonto uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto elivamile.

Intengo ye-cobalt chloride feedstock ayinqunyelwe ukuthi izokhuphuka kakhulu. Amakhasimende ayalulekwa ukuthi athenge ngesikhathi esifanele ngokusekelwe esitokweni.

10）Usawoti we-cobalt/i-potassium chloride/potassium carbonate/calcium formate/iodide

1 Amanani kasawoti we-cobalt athintwa ukuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwe-cobalt eDemocratic Republic of the Congo, ngokutholakala okuncane kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokusekelwa kwezindleko okusobala. Esikhathini esifushane, amanani kasawoti we-cobalt cishe azohlala eguquguqukayo futhi ekhuphuka. Ngenxa yokwanda okuqhubekayo kwezindleko, amabhizinisi okuncibilikisa azogcina ukwesekwa kwentengo futhi ngokuyisisekelo amise izingcaphuno zama-oda ngamanye. Ngemva kokuba amanani asekhaya ezinzile, abahwebi bahlehlisa ukuthengisa ngentengo ephansi futhi bakhuphula izingcaphuno zabo kancane. Izinguquko zamanani ezilandelayo kufanele zigxile ekukhuphukeni kwezindleko kanye nokuthengwa kwangempela ngamakhasimende angaphansi komfula ngemuva kokuphela kwekhefu lasehlobo ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti nasekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.

2. Intengo yemakethe yasekhaya ye-potassium chloride isazinzile futhi iyancipha kancane, futhi isidingo siye sancipha okwesikhashana

Nakuba izingcaphuno zabahwebi zihlale zizinzile okwamanje, ukuzimisela kwabanye abahwebi ukuthengisa kukhuphukile, okwenza ukuthengisa kukhuphuke kancane. Sekukonke, ngaphansi kwethonya lokulindela okuthuthukisiwe kokungenisa ‌, intengo ephezulu yomanyolo we-potash ingase ikhululeke kancane ‌ esikhathini esifushane, kodwa ivinjelwe yizici ezifana nokugcinwa nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa, ukulungiswa kwe-‌ kulindeleke ukuthi kunqunyelwe ‌. Kulindeleke ukuthi kuguquke ebangeni elincane le-‌, kanye nethuba eliphansi lokunyuka nokwehla okukhulu. Intengo ye-potassium carbonate ilandela intengo ye-potassium chloride.

3. Amanani e-calcium formate ahlale eqinile emazingeni aphezulu kuleli sonto. Intengo ye-formic acid eluhlaza inyukile njengoba amafektri evaliwe ukuze kulungiswe. Ezinye izitshalo ze-calcium formate ziyekile ukwamukela ama-oda.

4. Amanani e-iodide ahlale eqinile kuleli sonto uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule.