Isonto Lesithathu likaSepthemba Ukuhlaziywa Kwemakethe Yezinto Ezilandelwayo

Ukuhlaziywa Kwemakethe Yezinto Zokulandelela

Mina,Ukuhlaziywa kwezinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous

Isonto nesonto: Inyanga nenyanga:

1）I-Zinc sulfate

  ① Izinto zokusetshenziswa: I-Zinc hypooxide: I-coefficient yokuthengiselana ihlala iphezulu. Imizwa yezomnotho jikelele emakethe ifudumele, ikhuphula amanani e-zinc kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo.

② Amanani e-sulfuric acid ahlala eqinile emazingeni aphezulu ezweni lonke kuleli sonto. Umlotha wesoda: Amanani abezinzile kuleli sonto. ③ Uhlangothi lwesidingo luzinzile. Kukhona ukuthambekela kokuthi ukuhlinzekwa kwe-zinc kanye nebhalansi yesidingo kube ngokweqile, futhi mancane amathuba okwehla okukhulu kwe-zinc esikhathini esifushane kuya kwesesikhathini esiphakathi. Amanani e-zinc kulindeleke ukuthi asebenze phakathi kwama-yuan angu-22,000 kuya ku-22,500 ngethani ngesonto elizayo.

NgoMsombuluko, izinga lokusebenza kwabakhiqizi be-zinc sulfate yamanzi lalingu-89% kanti izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla lalingu-69%, lihlala liphansi uma liqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Ama-oda amakhulu abakhiqizi ahlelelwe kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba. Isidingo siyanda. I-Australia isesikhathini sesidingo esiphezulu. I-Central America inesidingo esikhulu njengoba kufika isizini yemvula. Ukulethwa kuncane. Isidingo siyabuya kancane kancane futhi izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa ziqinile. Amanani kulindeleke ukuthi ahlale ezingeni eliphezulu.

Amakhasimende ayalulekwa ukuthi agcine impahla yawo ngendlela efanele kusenesikhathi ngokusekelwe esitokweni sawo.

2）I-Manganese sulfate

 Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: 1 Amanani e-Manganese ore ahlala eqinile nokushintshashintsha okukhulu. Njengoba iholide lisondela, amafektri aqala ukulungisa i-ore nokulanda izimpahla ngokulandelana. Isimo sokubuza emachwebeni sasisebenza. Izingcaphuno zomkhiqizo zaziqinile futhi ijubane lokuthengiselana lalilandela kancane kancane.

②Amanani e-sulfuric acid ahlala eqinile ezingeni eliphezulu.

Kuleli sonto, izinga lokusebenza kwabakhiqizi be-manganese sulfate belingu-76%, ukwehla okungu-5% uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla bekungu-49%, kwehle ngo-3% kusukela ngesonto eledlule. Amanani abakhiqizi abajwayelekile asalokhu ephezulu kuleli sonto ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi akukho ndawo yokuxoxisana. Ngasohlangothini lokunikezwa: Ukungezwani kokulethwa kukhuphuke kakhulu, futhi ama-oda okwamanje ahlelelwe kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba.

Amakhasimende okuthutha ngemikhumbi ayalulekwa ukuthi acabangele ngokugcwele isikhathi sokuthumela futhi alungiselele izimpahla kusenesikhathi.

3）I-ferrous sulfate

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: Ukuthengwa okuncane, abakhiqizi abakhulu be-titanium dioxide esifundeni saseHubei bavaliwe ngenxa yezingozi zokukhiqiza, okwandisa kakhulu isimo sokutholakala okuncane kwe-ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. Isidingo esiphansi se-titanium dioxide sisalokhu sihamba kancane. Abanye abakhiqizi baqoqe izinqolobane ze-titanium dioxide, okuholele emazingeni aphansi okusebenza kanye nokunikezwa okuncane kwe-ferrous heptahydrate. Ngokuhambisana nesidingo esikhulu se-ferrous heptahydrate embonini ye-lithium iron phosphate, ukushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuye kwanda kakhulu.

Kuleli sonto, izinga lokusebenza kwabakhiqizi be-ferrous sulfate lalingu-75%, kanti izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla lalingu-24%, lihlala liphansi uma liqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Abakhiqizi abajwayelekile kulindeleke ukuthi banciphise ukukhiqizwa, futhi izingcaphuno kuleli sonto zikhuphuke uma ziqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-heptahydrate ferrous sulfate yomkhiqizo ohlukile kuncane, ngokusekelwa okuqinile okuvela ezindleleni zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokulethwa okuqinile ngabakhiqizi. Uma kucatshangelwa amazinga empahla yakamuva yamabhizinisi kanye namazinga okusebenza aphezulu, i-ferrous sulfate kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke esikhathini esifushane.

4）I-sulfate yethusi/i-chloride yethusi eyisisekelo

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Amanani ethusi kulindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke kakhulu kuleli sonto njengoba imayini enkulu yethusi e-Indonesia isavaliwe, okuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokunikezwa. Ukulindela ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-2.5 kwenqubomgomo ye-LME kuleli sonto kukhulise ukuzethemba kulo lonke umkhakha wezinsimbi zezimboni futhi kwathuthukisa umbono wesidingo. Ukuvalwa isikhathi eside kwemayini yethusi yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni kungaqinisa imakethe. Okwamanje, okulindelwe ukuthi i-US izonciphisa inqubomgomo yezimali kukhulise ukuzethemba kulo lonke umkhakha wezinsimbi zezimboni futhi kwathuthukisa umbono wesidingo. Kuhle ngamanani ethusi, okulindeleke ukuthi ahlale ephezulu, eqinile futhi eguquguqukayo esikhathini esifushane. Ububanzi bereferensi yobubanzi obuyinhloko bokusebenza bethusi laseShanghai: 81,050-81,090 yuan/ton.

Ngokombono we-macro: Ukulindela okunamandla kokunciphisa amazinga enzalo e-Federal Reserve kuholele ekukhuphukeni ngasikhathi sinye kwamanani ethusi ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ukwehla kwezinga lenzalo le-Federal Reserve ngoSepthemba kuqinisekile, futhi imakethe ithole amanani okulindelekile kokunciphisa amazinga amathathu phakathi nonyaka. Umoya ofudumele we-macro uqhube isikhungo sentengo yethusi ukuba sikhuphuke kancane. Ngokuphathelene nezisekelo, kukhona ukuphazamiseka okuncane ekugcineni kokumba, futhi ukuphikisana phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo sethusi se-electrolytic sasekhaya kuye kwanda. Njengoba ukulethwa kusondela, kusenegebe phakathi kwenani lamarisidi e-warehouse adingekayo ukuze kufane nezikhundla zenkontileka yethusi yaseShanghai yenyanga yamanje kanye namarisidi e-futures warehouse akhona, okunyuse intengo yenkontileka yenyanga yamanje. Ekupheleni kokuhweba, inkontileka ye-futures yethusi yaseShanghai engu-2509 yavala ku-81,390 yuan ngethani. Intengo yethusi ye-LME yadlula uphawu lwe-$10,134 ngethani yabe isifinyelela phezulu ku-$10,100 ngethani, yafinyelela phezulu ngaphakathi kosuku ku-$10,126 ngethani.

Isixazululo sokusika: Abanye abakhiqizi bezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu basheshise ukugeleza kwemali ngokucubungula okujulile isixazululo sokusika sibe yi-sponge copper noma i-copper hydroxide. Isilinganiso sokuthengiswa embonini ye-copper sulfate sehlile, futhi i-transaction coefficient isifinyelele phezulu okusha. Amanani e-copper aphelele cishe azokhuphuka ngokumelene nesimo sokufudumala kwemizwa ye-macro, okukhuphula izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi.

Abakhiqizi bethusi le-Copper sulfate/caustic bebesebenza ngo-100% kuleli sonto, ngesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamandla esingu-45%, esahlala siqinile uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Isidingo: Amanani ethusi azinzile futhi alulama kancane, akhuphuka, okwenza amanani e-copper sulfate akhuphuke. Amakhasimende ayelulekwa ukuthi aqoqe ngokusekelwe ezinhlwini zawo.

5）I-magnesium oxide

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: I-magnesite yezinto zokusetshenziswa izinzile.

Ifektri isebenza kahle futhi ukukhiqiza kujwayelekile. Isikhathi sokulethwa ngokuvamile sithatha izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-7. Uhulumeni uvale amandla okukhiqiza angemuva. Ama-kilns awakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-magnesium oxide, futhi izindleko zokusebenzisa amalahle kaphethiloli ziyanda ebusika. Uma kuhlanganiswa nesizini ehlanganisiwe yokubhida nokuthenga i-magnesium oxide, zonke lezi zici ziholele ekwenyukeni kwamanani e-magnesium oxide kule nyanga. Amakhasimende ayelulekwa ukuthi athenge ngokwezidingo zawo.

6）I-Magnesium sulfate

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Intengo ye-sulfuric acid enyakatho okwamanje iyanda esikhathini esifushane.

Izitshalo ze-magnesium sulfate zisebenza ngo-100% futhi ukukhiqizwa nokulethwa kuvamile. Njengoba kusondela uSepthemba, intengo ye-sulfuric acid izinzile ezingeni eliphezulu futhi ukwenyuka okwengeziwe akunakuphikwa. Amakhasimende ayelulekwa ukuthi athenge ngokwezinhlelo zawo zokukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zempahla.

7）I-calcium iodide

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: Njengamanje, imakethe ye-iodine yasekhaya isebenza kahle. Umthamo wokufika we-iodine ecociweyo evela eChile uzinzile, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwabakhiqizi be-iodide kuzinzile.

Kuleli sonto, izinga lokukhiqizwa kwabakhiqizi besampula ye-calcium iodate beliyi-100%, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla beliyi-36%, elifana nelesonto eledlule, kanti izingcaphuno zabakhiqizi abajwayelekile zahlala zizinzile. Ukunikezwa kanye nesidingo kuyalingana futhi amanani azinzile. Amakhasimende ayelulekwa ukuthi athenge ngokwesidingo ngokusekelwe ekuhleleni kokukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zempahla.

8）I-selenite ye-sodium

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: Azikho izinguquko ezibalulekile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo emakethe ye-selenium dioxide. Isidingo esingezansi saqhubeka sihamba kancane. Abanikazi babenesifiso esinamandla sokubamba amanani, kodwa ukuthengiselana kwangempela kwakulinganiselwe.

Kuleli sonto, abakhiqizi besampula be-sodium selenite bebesebenza ku-100%, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ku-36%, okuhlala kuqinile uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Izingcaphuno zabakhiqizi zihlale zizinzile kuleli sonto. Amanani ezinto ezingavuthiwe azinzile, ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo kuyalingana, futhi amanani kulindeleke ukuthi ahlale ezinzile.

Kunconywa ukuthi amakhasimende athenge njengoba kudingeka ngokusekelwe esitokweni sawo.

9）I-Cobalt chloride

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: Imakethe ayinathemba ngokuqhubeka kwenqubomgomo yokuthumela ngaphandle izinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-cobalt eDemocratic Republic of the Congo ngoSepthemba, okuye kwashukumisela amabhizinisi aphakathi nendawo ukuthi aqoqe ngenkuthalo, futhi umuzwa wokuthenga ukhuphuke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanye abahlinzeki abaphezulu bathenga i-cobalt chloride futhi bavala izimpahla ngamanani aphezulu, okwandisa kakhulu amanani emakethe.

Kuleli sonto, abakhiqizi be-cobalt chloride bebesebenza ngo-100%, ngesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamandla esingu-44%, behlala beqinile uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Izingcaphuno zabakhiqizi zihlale zizinzile kuleli sonto. Intengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-cobalt chloride kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke kancane ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokusekelwa kwezindleko okuqinisiwe. Kunconywa ukuthi izinhlelo zokuthenga kanye nokugcina impahla ezihambisana nesidingo zenziwe ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kusengaphambili kuhlanganiswe nempahla ethengiswayo.

10（Usawoti we-cobalt/i-potassium chloride/potassium carbonate/calcium formate/iodide

1. Usawoti we-cobalt: Izindleko zezinto zokwakha: Ukuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-Congo (DRC) kuyaqhubeka, amanani aphakathi kwe-cobalt ayaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, futhi izingcindezi zezindleko zidluliselwa ngezansi.

Imakethe kasawoti we-cobalt ibinhle kuleli sonto, kanti izingcaphuno zigcina ukuthambekela okuphezulu kanye nokunikezwa okuqinile, okubangelwa kakhulu ukunikezwa kanye nesidingo. Ukuhweba ngosawoti we-cobalt nama-oxide kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphuke ngesonto elizayo. Gxila emjikelezweni omusha wenqubomgomo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe eDemocratic Republic of the Congo ngoSepthemba. Njengamanje, abaphakathi kwe-cobalt basanda kufinyelela ku-$14 ngephawundi, futhi abanye abangaphakathi embonini bakhathazekile ngokuthi intengo ayikafinyeleli ezingeni elilindelwe elishiwo ngaphambili yiCongo, kuyilapho ijubane eliphansi lezingxoxo ze-quota lizoqinisa ukukhathazeka kwemakethe ngenxa yokulibaziseka okwengeziwe.

2. Akukho ushintsho oluphawulekayo entengo iyonke ye-potassium chloride. Imakethe ibonise ukuthambekela kokuhlinzeka kanye nesidingo esibuthakathaka. Ukunikezwa kwemithombo yemakethe kwahlala kuqinile, kodwa ukwesekwa kwesidingo okuvela ezimbonini ezingezansi kwakulinganiselwe. Kube nokushintshashintsha okuncane kwamanye amanani aphezulu, kodwa izinga lalingekho likhulu. Amanani ahlala eqinile ezingeni eliphezulu. Intengo ye-potassium carbonate iyashintshashintsha neye-potassium chloride.

3. Intengo ye-calcium formate yehlisiwe kuleli sonto. Izitshalo ze-formic acid ezingavuthiwe ziqala kabusha ukukhiqizwa futhi manje zikhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-formic acid efektri, okuholela ekwandeni kwamandla e-formic acid kanye nokunikezwa ngokweqile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanani e-calcium formate ayehla.

Amanani e-iodide angu-4 abezinzile kuleli sonto uma kuqhathaniswa nawangesonto eledlule.