I. Isizinda Sesicelo
I-Calcium 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyrate (HMTBa-Ca) uhlobo lukasawoti we-calcium lwe-methionine hydroxy analogue (igama lamakhemikhali: I-Calcium bis(2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyrate)). Ayinikezi ngqo isakhiwo se-amino esiqukethe i-nitrogen kodwa inikeza uhlaka lwe-methionine carbon ngendlela ye-hydroxy analogue. Iguqulwa ngokwe-metabolic emzimbeni ukuze ikhiqize i-L-methionine esebenzayo ngokwe-biologically, ehlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwamaprotheni kanye nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene ze-metabolic.
I-Methionine ingenye yama-amino acid avame kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukudla kwezilwane kanye nokwezinkukhu, ikakhulukazi ethambekele ekusweleni kokudla okusekelwe ku-corn-soybean. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokudla kwezilwane ze-methionine, i-DL-methionine ibilokhu ifakwa ekudleni. Kodwa-ke, ama-methionine hydroxy analogues kanye nosawoti wawo we-calcium kancane kancane athola ukunakwa njengemithombo emisha ye-methionine. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-DL-methionine, i-HMTBa-Ca inikeza ukuzinza okungcono kokushisa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nokucubungula, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukulondolozwa kwezakhamzimba ngesikhathi sokufakwa kokudla kanye nokucubungula izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
I-European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) yenze ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile kokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwe-HMTBa kanye nosawoti wayo we-calcium, iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo njengesithako sokudla sazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Ayishiyi izinsalela ezicutshini zezilwane noma emikhiqizweni futhi ayibeki zingozi ezinkulu zemvelo, ihlinzeka ngokusekelwa komthetho kokusetshenziswa kwayo ekudleni kwezilwane.
II. Imiphumela Yokusetshenziswa
Izifundo eziningi zikhombisile ukuthi i-HMTBa-Ca, njengomthombo we-methionine, ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhula kwezilwane kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezakhamzimba. Ezingulubeni, ezinkukhu, nasezilwaneni zasemanzini, ukungezelelwa nge-HMTBa-Ca kungandisa isilinganiso sokukhula kwansuku zonke, isilinganiso sokuguqulwa kokudla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen ngenkathi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen. Lokhu kuzuzisa kakhulu ekudleni okunamaphrotheni aphansi noma okune-amino acid elungiselelwe ngokunembile.
Ezinkukhu, ukwengezwa kwe-HMTBa-Ca akusizi nje kuphela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa amandla okulwa ne-antioxidant, ukusebenza komzimba, kanye nempilo yamathumbu. Ezinkukhu ezizalela amaqanda, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okufanele kusiza ukugcina ukusebenza kokubeka amaqanda nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamaqanda. Ezilwaneni zasemanzini, njengoba isilinganiso sezithako zamaprotheni ezisekelwe ezitshalweni sanda, ukuntuleka kwe-methionine kuba yinto evelele kakhulu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-HMTBa-Ca ingasebenza njengomthombo ophumelelayo owengeziwe, ithuthukisa izinga lokukhula kanye nokufakwa kwamaprotheni emzimbeni.
Njengesandulela se-methionine, i-HMTBa-Ca ingakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwama-amino acid abalulekile kanye nokwakheka kwamaprotheni emzimbeni futhi ithuthukise ukwakheka komzimba ngokulawula izindlela ezihlobene nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zomzimba. Nakuba ukusebenza kwayo okujwayelekile kwezinto eziphilayo ngokuvamile kuphansi kunokwe-DL-methionine, isabonisa inani eliphezulu lokudla okunempilo ezilwaneni ezahlukahlukene. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, amazinga okwengeza afanele angaklanywa ngokunengqondo kusetshenziswa izici zokuguqula.
III. Indlela Yokusebenza
Indlela esebenza ngayo i-HMTBa-Ca ngokuyinhloko isekelwe endimeni yayo njengesandulela se-methionine esibamba iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kwe-metabolism yangaphakathi. I-HMTBa-Ca iguqulwa ibe yi-L-methionine endleleni yokugaya ukudla ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-enzyme kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-microbial metabolism. Ngemuva kwalokho ibamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwamaprotheni, ekusetshenzisweni kwe-carbon eyodwa, kanye nokulawulwa kwezinhlelo ze-antioxidant (njengokwenziwa kwe-glutathione), idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi ye-amino acid kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezakhamzimba.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-DL-methionine, ukumuncwa kanye nezindlela ze-metabolic ze-HMTBa-Ca ziyahluka kancane. Isakhiwo sayo se-hydroxy analogue sinikeza izinga lokuqina okukhulu, ikakhulukazi sibonisa izici ezithile ze-rumen bypass kuma-ruminants, okusiza ukwandisa ukutholakala kwe-methionine emathunjini amancane.
IV. Izinhlobo Zezilwane Ezihlosiwe Eziyinhloko
1. Izingulube (Amachwane Alunyuliwe, Izingulube Ezikhula Ziqede)
Ekudleni kwengulube, i-methionine ingenye yama-amino acid anciphisayo. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukwengeza i-HMTBa-Ca ekudleni okunephrotheni ephansi noma okune-amino acid elinganiselayo kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen, kukhuthaze ukufakwa kwamaprotheni, futhi kunciphise ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-DL-methionine yendabuko, i-HMTBa-Ca ingahlangabezana nezidingo ze-methionine ngenkathi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwe-amino acid. Ifaneleka kakhulu ekulawulweni kokudla ngesikhathi sesigaba sokucindezeleka kokuncelisa kanye nasezingulubeni ezinezinga eliphezulu lenyama engenamafutha.
2. Izinkukhu (Izinkukhu Ezizalayo, Izinkukhu Ezizalayo, Abafuyi)
Ekudleni kwezinkukhu, i-HMTBa-Ca isetshenziswa kabanzi ukufaka esikhundleni noma ukufaka esikhundleni se-DL-methionine ngokwengxenye. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukungezelelwa kwayo kungathuthukisa kakhulu isilinganiso sokuguqulwa kwenzuzo yansuku zonke kanye nokuguqulwa kokudla kwezinkukhu futhi kuthinte kahle amandla okulwa ne-antioxidant, imingcele yokuzivikela komzimba, kanye nempilo yamathumbu. Ezikhukhwini ezibekela amaqanda, ukungezelelwa okufanele kwe-HMTBa-Ca kusiza ukugcina ukusebenza kokubeka amaqanda, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamaqanda, kanye nokuhlanganyela ekulawuleni i-metabolism ye-amino acid yamaprotheni ne-sulfur, okubaluleke kakhulu ezingqimbeni ezikhiqiza kakhulu.
3. Izilwane Zasemanzini (Izinhlanzi, ama-Crustacean)
Ekudleni kwasemanzini, ngenxa yokwanda kwesilinganiso sezithako zamaprotheni ezisekelwe ezitshalweni, ukuntuleka kwe-methionine kuye kwabonakala kakhulu. Izifundo eziningi zibonisa ukuthi i-HMTBa-Ca ingasebenza njengomthombo we-methionine ophumelelayo ekudleni kwezinhlanzi (isb., izinhlanzi zasolwandle, izinhlanzi ezidla izinhlanzi), okuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokukhula, ukusetshenziswa kokudla, kanye nokufakwa kwamaprotheni emzimbeni. Ukuqina kwayo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezindaweni zasemanzini kuyinika amandla amahle okusetshenziswa ekudleni kwasemanzini okwenziwe.
4. Izilwane ezidla inyama (Izinkomo zobisi, Izinkomo zenyama yenkomo, Izimvu)
Ngokungafani ne-non-ruminants, i-methionine ekudleni kwe-ruminant ivame ukunqunyelwa kakhulu ukuwohloka yi-rumen microorganisms, okwenza amafomu okwengeza e-methionine asebenzayo abaluleke kakhulu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ama-methionine hydroxy analogues (kufaka phakathi ifomu lawo le-calcium salt) anokumelana okuthile nokuwohloka ku-rumen, okuvumela ukuphunyuka kancane ekuvuthweni kwe-rumen microbial kanye nokuguqulwa kube yi-methionine esetshenziswayo emathunjini amancane, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa ukutholakala kwamaprotheni asetshenziswayo.
V. Isiphetho kanye Nombono
Ngamafuphi, i-HMTBa-Ca, njengomthombo omusha wesengezo se-methionine, ikhombisa amandla okusebenzisa athembisayo ekudleni kwezilwane. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele lugxile kakhulu ezindleleni zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kwezinto eziphilayo, lunqume amazinga aqondile okwengeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane kanye nezigaba zokukhula, futhi luhlole imiphumela yalo yokusebenzisana nezinye izithasiselo zokudla. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo nokuphumelelayo ezinhlelweni zokudla zanamuhla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-03-2026
