Isonto Lesine likaSepthemba Ukuhlaziywa Kwemakethe Yezinto Ezilandelwayo

Ukuhlaziywa Kwemakethe Yezinto Zokulandelela

Mina,Ukuhlaziywa kwezinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous

Isonto nesonto: Inyanga nenyanga:

1）I-Zinc sulfate

  ① Izinto zokusetshenziswa: I-Zinc hypooxide: I-coefficient ephezulu yokuthengiselana. I-Fed kulindeleke ukuthi yehlise amazinga enzalo, kodwa izisekelo zihlala ziyiqiniso elibuthakathaka. Azikho izimpawu ezisobala zokuthuthuka kokusetshenziswa. Ukunciphisa imali yesikhathi esifushane kanye nesizini yokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kulindeleke ukuthi kulethe ukwanda okuthile ukusekela amanani e-zinc, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iphuzu lokunyuka kwempahla, amandla aphezulu okushayela amanani e-zinc anqunyelwe. Amanani e-zinc kulindeleke ukuthi ahlale ephansi futhi eguquguqukayo esikhathini esifushane.

② Amanani e-sulfuric acid abezinzile emazingeni aphezulu ezweni lonke kuleli sonto. Umlotha wesoda: Amanani abezinzile kuleli sonto. ③ Uhlangothi lwesidingo luzinzile. Kukhona ukuthambekela kokuthi ukuhlinzekwa kwe-zinc kanye nebhalansi yesidingo kube ngokweqile, futhi mancane amathuba okwehla okukhulu kwe-zinc esikhathini esifushane kuya kwesesikhathini esiphakathi. Kulindeleke ukuthi amanani e-zinc azosebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphakathi kuka-21,000-22,000 yuan ngethani.

NgoMsombuluko, izinga lokusebenza kwabakhiqizi be-zinc sulfate yamanzi belingu-83%, lehle ngo-6% kusukela ngesonto eledlule, kanti izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla belingu-68%, lehle ngo-1% kusukela ngesonto eledlule.

Izinga lokusebenza elikhuphukayo lamabhizinisi e-zinc sulfate livamile, kodwa ukuthathwa kwama-oda akwanele kakhulu. Imakethe yendawo ibhekane namazinga ahlukene okuhoxiswa. Amabhizinisi okuphakelayo awazange abe matasa kakhulu ekuthengeni muva nje. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephindwe kabili yezinga lokusebenza lamabhizinisi akhuphukayo kanye nomthamo we-oda onganele, i-zinc sulfate izoqhubeka nokusebenza buthaka nangokuzinzile esikhathini esifushane. Kunconywa ukuthi amakhasimende alungiselele kusenesikhathi ngokufanele ngokusekelwe esitokweni sawo.

2） I-Manganese sulfate

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: ① Intengo ye-manganese ore engenisiwe eShayina yahlala izinzile futhi iqinile, kanye nokwenyuka okuncane kwentengo yezinhlobo ezithile ze-ore. Njengoba intengo ye-manganese alloys ikhuphuka, ukulindela ukukhululwa kwesidingo esengeziwe sokugcwalisa kabusha ngaphambi komkhosi, kanye nokuqaliswa okusemthethweni kokunciphisa inzalo ye-Fed, isimo sabavukuzi bechweba esibambezela ukuthengisa nokugcina amanani sasisobala, futhi isikhungo sentengo yokuthengiselana sahamba kancane futhi kancane phezulu.

②Amanani e-sulfuric acid ahlala eqinile kakhulu emazingeni aphezulu.

Kuleli sonto, izinga lokusebenza kwabakhiqizi be-manganese sulfate belingu-95%, likhuphuke ngo-19% uma liqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla bekungu-56%, kukhuphuke ngo-7% kusukela ngesonto eledlule.

Isidingo embonini yokudla siyanda kancane kancane, kuyilapho imboni yomanyolo inokugcinwa kwezikhathi ezithile. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwama-oda ebhizinisi kanye nezici zezinto zokusetshenziswa, i-manganese sulfate kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale iqinile esikhathini esifushane. Kunconywa ukuthi amakhasimende andise isitokwe sawo ngendlela efanele. Kunconywa ukuthi amakhasimende athumela ngolwandle acabangele ngokugcwele isikhathi sokuthumela futhi alungiselele izimpahla kusengaphambili.

3）I-ferrous sulfate

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: Nakuba isidingo se-titanium dioxide sithuthukile uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esedlule, isimo sokufuna okuhamba kancane sisekhona. Ukusilela kwezimpahla ze-titanium dioxide kubakhiqizi kuyaqhubeka. Izinga lokusebenza lilonke lihlala lisesimweni esilinganiselwe. Ukunikezwa okuqinile kwe-ferrous sulfate heptahydrate kuyaqhubeka. Uma kuhambisana nesidingo esizinzile se-lithium iron phosphate, isimo sezinto zokusetshenziswa eziqinile asikancishiswa ngokuyisisekelo.

Kuleli sonto, izinga lokusebenza kwabakhiqizi be-ferrous sulfate lalingu-75%, kanti izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla lalingu-24%, lihlala liphansi uma liqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Abakhiqizi bahlelelwe kuze kube uNovemba kuya kuDisemba. Abakhiqizi abakhulu kulindeleke ukuthi banciphise ukukhiqizwa, futhi izingcaphuno kuleli sonto zizinzile uma ziqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikezwa kwe-ferrous sulfate yomkhiqizo ohlukile kuncane, izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zisekelwa kakhulu, izinga lokusebenza lilonke le-ferrous sulfate alilihle, futhi kuncane kakhulu okuqoqwe kwamabhizinisi, okuletha izici ezinhle zokwenyuka kwentengo ye-ferrous sulfate. Uma kucatshangelwa uhlu lwakamuva lwamabhizinisi kanye nezinga lokusebenza kwe-upstream, i-ferrous sulfate kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke esikhathini esifushane.

4） I-sulfate yethusi/i-chloride eyisisekelo ye-cuprous

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Amanani ethusi ehlile kuleli sonto njengoba i-Fed yehlulekile ukunciphisa amazinga enzalo ngaphezu kokulindelekile ngoSepthemba, isifiso sokuthola ubungozi emakethe yezimali sehlile, ukubuya kwenkomba yedola laseMelika kwaba nzima emakethe yezinsimbi, kanye namanani ethusi ehlile. Uhla lwezinkomba zohlu oluyinhloko lokusebenza kwethusi laseShanghai: 79,000-80,100 yuan/ton.

Umnotho Omkhulu: Amanani ethusi ancishiswa ukwanda kwempahla kanye nomnotho womhlaba wonke obuthakathaka, kodwa ukuphinda kugcwaliswe kabusha kwabathengi baseShayina kanye nedola elibuthakathaka kuye kwanciphisa ukwehla ngezinga elithile. Kanye nokuvalwa okuqhubekayo kwezimayini zethusi e-Indonesia, enye yentengo yethusi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kulindeleke ukuthi iqaphele esikhathini esizayo, kugxilwe ekulindelweni emakethe yomnotho womhlaba.

Ngokuphathelene nesixazululo sokusika: Abanye abakhiqizi bezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu basheshise ukugeleza kwemali ngokucubungula okujulile isixazululo sokusika sibe yi-sponge copper noma i-copper hydroxide, futhi isilinganiso sokuthengiswa embonini ye-copper sulfate sehlile, kanti i-transaction coefficient ifinyelela phezulu okusha.

Abakhiqizi bethusi le-Copper sulfate/caustic bebesebenza ngo-100% kuleli sonto, ngesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamandla esingu-45%, behlala beqinile uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Amanani ethusi abengaphansi kwengcindezi yokwehla, futhi amanani e-copper sulfate alandela. Kuleli sonto, amanani ehlile uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Amakhasimende ayelulekwa ukuthi aqoqe izinto zawo ngokusekelwe ezinhlwini zawo.

5） I-Magnesium oxide

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: I-magnesite yezinto zokusetshenziswa izinzile.

Amanani e-magnesium oxide abezinzile kuleli sonto ngemuva kwesonto eledlule, amafektri abesebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi ukukhiqizwa bekujwayelekile. Isikhathi sokulethwa ngokuvamile sicishe sibe yizinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-7. Uhulumeni uvale amandla okukhiqiza angemuva. Ama-kilns awakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-magnesium oxide, futhi izindleko zokusebenzisa amalahle kaphethiloli ziyanda ebusika. Amakhasimende ayelulekwa ukuthi athenge ngokwezidingo zawo.

6）I-Magnesium sulfate

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Intengo ye-sulfuric acid enyakatho okwamanje iyanda esikhathini esifushane.

Njengamanje, izitshalo ze-magnesium sulfate zisebenza ngo-100%, ukukhiqizwa nokulethwa kuvamile, amanani e-sulfuric acid azinzile ezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ngokwanda kwamanani e-magnesium oxide, amathuba okwanda okwengeziwe awakwazi ukukhishwa ngaphandle. Amakhasimende ayelulekwa ukuthi athenge ngokwezinhlelo zawo zokukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zempahla.

7） I-calcium iodate

Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Imakethe ye-iodine yasekhaya izinzile njengamanje, ukunikezwa kwe-iodine ehlanjululwe evela eChile kuzinzile, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwabakhiqizi be-iodide kuzinzile.

Abakhiqizi be-calcium iodide babesebenza ngo-100% kuleli sonto, kungashintshile kusukela ngesonto eledlule; Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwakungu-34%, kwehle ngo-2% kusukela ngesonto eledlule; Izilinganiso ezivela kubakhiqizi abakhulu zahlala zizinzile. Ukunikezwa kanye nesidingo kuyalingana futhi amanani azinzile. Amakhasimende ayelulekwa ukuthi athenge ngokwesidingo ngokusekelwe ekuhleleni kokukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zempahla.

8） I-Sodium Selenite

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: Intengo yamanje yemakethe ye-selenium engahluziwe isizinzile, okubonisa ukuthi ukuncintisana kokutholakala emakethe ye-selenium engahluziwe kuye kwaba kubi kakhulu muva nje, futhi ukuzethemba kwemakethe kunamandla. Kuphinde kwaba negalelo ekwandeni okuqhubekayo kwentengo ye-selenium dioxide. Njengamanje, lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa lunethemba ngentengo yemakethe yesikhathi esiphakathi neside.

Kuleli sonto, abakhiqizi besampula be-sodium selenite bebesebenza ku-100%, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ku-36%, okuhlala kuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Izingcaphuno zabakhiqizi zihlale zizinzile kuleli sonto. Amanani ahlala ezinzile. Kodwa ukwenyuka okuncane akukaphethwa.

Kunconywa ukuthi amakhasimende athenge ngokufunwa kwawo ngokusekelwe esitokweni sawo.

9） I-Cobalt chloride

Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa: Amanani e-Cobalt aqhubekile nokukhuphuka kuleli sonto, futhi ukunikezwa okuncane kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kusalokhu kuyimpikiswano enkulu emakethe. Ngenxa yokuvinjelwa okuqhubekayo kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanganisiwe ze-cobalt eDemocratic Republic of the Congo, amabhizinisi okuncibilikisa asekhaya angaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yokuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa. Agcina kuphela ukuthengwa okubalulekile, kanti amanye amabhizinisi aphendukele ekusebenziseni usawoti we-cobalt njengezinye izinto, ecindezela izinsiza eziqondile zikasawoti we-cobalt ukuthi ziqine futhi amanani aqine. Ukungeniswa kwe-cobalt hydroprocess intermediates eShayina kwehle kakhulu ngoSepthemba, kanti abancibilikisi baqhubeka nokunciphisa inani lezinto zokusetshenziswa, benikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile ohlangothini lwezindleko.

Kuleli sonto, izinga lokusebenza labakhiqizi be-cobalt chloride beliyi-100% kanti izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla beliyi-44%, lihlala liphansi uma liqhathaniswa nesonto eledlule. Izingcaphuno zabakhiqizi zihlale zizinzile kuleli sonto. Amanani akhushulwe kuleli sonto ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ukusekelwa kwezindleko ze-cobalt chloride feedstock kuqinisiwe, futhi amanani kulindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.

Kunconywa ukuthi izinhlelo zokuthenga nokugcina impahla ezihambisana nezidingo zenziwe kusasele izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngaphambi kosuku lokufakwa kwempahla.

10）Usawoti we-cobalt/i-potassium chloride/i-potassium carbonate/i-calcium formate/iodide

1. Usawoti we-cobalt: Izindleko zezinto zokwakha: Ukuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-Congo (DRC) kuyaqhubeka, amanani aphakathi kwe-cobalt ayaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, futhi izingcindezi zezindleko zidluliselwa ngezansi.

Imakethe kasawoti we-cobalt ibihle kuleli sonto, lapho izingcaphuno zigcina ukuthambekela okuphezulu kanye nokunikezwa kunciphile, okubangelwa kakhulu ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo. Esikhathini esifushane, amanani kasawoti we-cobalt azoshintshashintsha kakhulu ngenxa yenqubomgomo kanye nempahla, futhi kunconywa ukuthi kunakwe imininingwane yokwabiwa kwesabelo eDemocratic Republic of the Congo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwempahla yasekhaya. Esikhathini eside, isidingo sikasawoti we-cobalt sihlobene kakhulu nentuthuko yemboni entsha yamandla. Uma izimoto zamandla ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe bebhethri kuqhubeka nokuthuthuka, isidingo sikasawoti we-cobalt kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule kancane kancane, kodwa kudingeka ukuqapha ukuze kushintshwe inqubomgomo yokunikezwa kanye nezingozi zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukile.

2. Intengo iyonke ye-potassium chloride ayishintshanga kakhulu. Imakethe ikhombisa ukuthambekela kokuhlinzeka kanye nesidingo esibuthakathaka. Ukuhlinzekwa kwemithombo yemakethe kusalokhu kuqinile, kodwa ukwesekwa kwesidingo okuvela ezimbonini ezingezansi kunqunyelwe. Kukhona ukuguquguquka okuncane kwamanye amanani aphezulu, kodwa izinga alilikhulu. Amanani ahlala ezinzile ezingeni eliphezulu. Intengo ye-potassium carbonate ihlale izinzile ngokuhambisana nentengo ye-potassium chloride.

3. Amanani e-calcium formate abezinzile kuleli sonto. Izitshalo ze-formic acid ezingavuthiwe ziqala kabusha ukukhiqizwa futhi manje zikhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-formic acid efektri, okuholela ekwandeni kwamandla e-formic acid, ukusatshalaliswa ngokweqile, kanye nesikhathi eside.

Lindela ukuthi intengo ye-calcium formate yehle.

4. Amanani e-iodide abezinzile kuleli sonto uma kuqhathaniswa nawangesonto eledlule.