Kungani kukhona umehluko wekhwalithi ezintweni ezilandelwayo embonini yokudla?
1. Umehluko ekudingweni kwemboni
Cishe bonke abakhiqizi bezinto ezilandelanayo bangamabhizinisi amakhemikhali, futhi umkhiqizo ofanayo ungathengiswa ezimbonini eziningi. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo ye-copper sulfate ingasetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi njengezithasiselo zokudla, umanyolo, ama-fungicide, ama-mordants, i-copper electroplating, kanye ne-ore dressing;
Kodwa-ke, izimboni ezahlukene zinezidingo zekhwalithi ezihluke ngokuphelele zemikhiqizo, futhi amanani omkhiqizo nawo ayahlukahluka kakhulu.
2. Imithombo ye-ore (izinto ezingavuthiwe) ihlukile
Ezinye izakhi ezincane (ithusi, insimbi, i-zinc kanye ne-cobalt) zikhishwa emfucumfucwini yezimboni, emanzini angcolile noma emikhiqizweni engaphansi kwezimboni.
Imithombo ehlukene yezinto zokusetshenziswa iqukethe ukungcola okuhlukile, okuholela ekhwalithini yomkhiqizo wokugcina ehlukene. Ezinye izakhi zokulandelela (i-manganese, i-magnesium, itshe lezokwelapha le-potassium) zikhishwa ezinsimbini noma emachibini anosawoti.
Imithombo ehlukene ye-ore noma amazinga ahlukene e-ore eluhlaza kuholela ekhwalithini ehlukile yomkhiqizo wokugcina.
3. Izindinganiso zikazwelonke aziphelele
Okwamanje, azikho izindinganiso zikazwelonke zemikhiqizo ethile yezinto ezilandelwayo.
Izindinganiso zikazwelonke zibeka kuphela izidingo zokuqukethwe okuyinhloko kanye nezinkomba zokuhlanzeka (i-arsenic, i-lead, i-cadmium kanye ne-mercury), kodwa azinazo izidingo ezicacile zokungcola okuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Izindinganiso zikazwelonke ziwumkhawulo oyisisekelo wekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani ezahlukene zokudla (amabhizinisi axhaswe ngabakwamanye amazwe, amabhizinisi kazwelonke, amabhizinisi ahamba phambili endawo, amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo) zibeke phambili izidingo zekhwalithi ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni zikazwelonke zezinto ezilandelwayo.
Ngisho namanye amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo abheka ukubukeka kuphela ngaphandle kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa lapho ethenga izinto ezincane.
Yiziphi izinto ezilandelwayo embonini yokudla ezinezindinganiso zikazwelonke?
Imikhiqizo enemikhiqizo ejwayelekile kazwelonke (imikhiqizo engu-9) I-Copper sulfate, i-basic cupric chloride, i-ferrous sulfate, i-zinc sulfate, i-zinc oxide, i-manganese sulfate, i-magnesium sulfate, i-calcium iodate, i-sodium selenite
Izindinganiso zikazwelonke zichaza ngokucacile izinkomba: okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kanye nezinkomba zezempilo (i-arsenic, i-lead, i-cadmium, i-mercury)
Imikhiqizo engenazo izindinganiso zikazwelonke (imikhiqizo emi-5) I-Magnesium oxide, i-potassium iodide, i-cobalt chloride, i-calcium formate, i-potassium chloride
Umehluko ekhwalithini yemikhiqizo ye-trace element: i-copper sulfate
I-Copper sulfate: ekhishwe kudoti oluqoshwe emabhodini wesekethe. Lo mkhiqizo unezindinganiso zikazwelonke, ezibonise ngokucacile izidingo zokuqukethwe okuyinhloko kanye nezinkomba zokuhlanzeka.
Imikhiqizo ye-Sustar (ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke):
Ukulawulwa kwe-asidi yezinto ezingavuthiwe ≤0.014%: Imikhiqizo ene-asidi ephezulu ikhiqiza iphunga elimnandi, inciphisa ukugeleza komkhiqizo, imunce kalula umswakama futhi ihlanganise, isheshise ukushintsha kombala kwama-premixes, inamathuba amaningi okubhubhisa amavithamini namalungiselelo e-enzyme, futhi inamathuba amaningi okubangela ukuwohloka kwamafutha.
Isihlabathi sethusi sisesimweni sezinhlayiya eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezicwebezelayo, futhi ukubonakala kwesihlabathi sethusi kungasetshenziswa ukwahlulela ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo ekuqaleni.
I-silicon dioxide ifakwa ku-copper powder njengendlela yokulwa nokubopha
Imikhiqizo etholakala emakethe:
I-asidi yemikhiqizo ye-copper sulfate ingafinyelela ku-0.03%. Inkampani i-Sustar ichaza imikhiqizo ene-asidi engaphezu kuka-0.02% njengemikhiqizo ene-asidi ephezulu.
Uketshezi oluqophayo lwezimboni ezincane ze-elekthronikhi lungaqukatha inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, futhi ingozi ye-dioxin iphezulu kakhulu. Ithusi lesihlabathi liqukethe izakhi zensimbi ezingcolile, futhi umkhiqizo uphenduka uphuzi ngemuva kokushisa. Ukubonakala kwethusi lesihlabathi kubonakala kuluhlaza noma kumhlophe. Uma izinga lokushisa lishintshashintsha kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokomisa, umbala ungashintsha kusuka kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uye kokumhlophe.
Ithusi lesihlabathi alinawo amakristalu acwebezelayo, amise okwenaliti noma aqhekekile futhi kulula ukuwahlanganisa.
Impuphu yethusi kanye nesithwali akuxutshwanga ngokulinganayo, futhi okuqukethwe kuyashintshashintsha kakhulu; uma isithwali sengezwa ngokweqile, okuqukethwe akufanelekile.
Usayizi wezinhlayiya zempuphu yethusi awulingani, futhi isilinganiso somkhiqizo omkhulu kakhulu wesihlungo esine-mesh engu-40 siphezulu kakhulu.
Ngemva kokuncibilika emanzini, ikhambi liqukethe izinto ezisobala ezingancibiliki emanzini, izinto ezilengayo kanye nezinto ezintantayo.
Umehluko ekhwalithini yemikhiqizo ye-trace element: I-chloride yethusi eyisisekelo
I-chloride yethusi eyisisekelo inomthombo ofanayo ne-sulfate yethusi, futhi umkhiqizo ukhishwa kuketshezi oluqoshwe emabhodini wesekethe. Lo mkhiqizo unezindinganiso zikazwelonke, ezibonise ngokucacile izidingo zokuqukethwe okuyinhloko kanye nezinkomba zokuhlanzeka.
Imikhiqizo ye-Sustar (ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke):
Umbala ofanayo, akukho ukugoba, ukugeleza okuhle.
Lawula izinkomba ze-nitrogen kanye ne-chlorine yamahhala (0.14%; 0.1%) ukuze unciphise izingozi ze-dioxin kanye nokuhlangana.
Imikhiqizo etholakala emakethe:
Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko akufanelekile.
Kukhona umehluko omkhulu wemibala phakathi kwemikhiqizo eqoqweni elifanayo.
Amabala amhlophe asobala.
Uphuya, ukugeleza okuncane
Ngokungcola okubonakalayo.
Iqukethe i-nitrogen eningi kanye ne-chlorine yamahhala, evame ukuhlangana.
Umehluko ekhwalithini yemikhiqizo ye-trace element: i-ferrous sulfate
I-ferrous sulfate ingumkhiqizo ophuma eceleni we-titanium dioxide embonini yamakhemikhali. Lo mkhiqizo unezindinganiso zikazwelonke, ezibonise ngokucacile izidingo zokuqukethwe okuyinhloko kanye nezinkomba zokuhlanzeka.
Imikhiqizo ye-Sustar (ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke):
Umbala ofanayo, akukho ukugoba.
Ukugeleza okuhle.
Insimbi ye-Trivalent ingaphakathi kuka-0.15%.
Imikhiqizo etholakala emakethe:
Insimbi ye-trivalent ayifaneleki kanti okuqukethwe okuyinhloko akufanelekile.
Kukhona umehluko omkhulu wemibala phakathi kwemikhiqizo eqoqweni elifanayo.
Umswakama uphezulu.
Ubukhulu becala abuhlangabezani nezindinganiso zikazwelonke.
Inani elincane lezinto zokususa uthuli.
Ukugeleza akukuhle, ukucobeka kulungile, futhi kulula ukukugoqa.
Kunenqubo eyomile yokukhiqiza insimbi yensimbi, futhi umkhiqizo une-asidi ephezulu kakhulu.
Okuqukethwe kwe-valent iron ephezulu kunomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi ye-premix feed.
Umehluko ngekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-trace element: i-zinc sulfate
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-zinc sulfate yi-zinc oxide yesibili (ekhishwe ku-flue ash, i-lead-zinc ore, i-copper-cadmium slag, njll.). Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemikhiqizo: imikhiqizo enezinqubo zokususa insimbi nezingenayo, zombili ezingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kokudla okuxubile. Umkhiqizo unezindinganiso zikazwelonke, ezibonise ngokucacile izidingo zokuqukethwe okuyinhloko kanye nezinkomba zokuhlanzeka.
Imikhiqizo ye-Sustar (ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke):
Lawula ngokuqinile ama-ion e-chloride ukuze wehlise ijubane lokushintsha kombala we-premix feed. Uma usebenzisa i-zinc sulfate njengokudla kwe-premix, okuqukethwe kwama-ion e-chloride kufanele kube ngaphakathi kuka-0.5% ehlobo kanye nangaphakathi kuka-1% ebusika.
Okuqukethwe kwe-chloride ion ku-zinc sulfate kungaba phezulu njengo-3%. Imikhiqizo ene-chloride ephezulu ivame ukumunca umswakama futhi yakhe amaqhubu, kanti ama-premixes avame ukushintsha umbala.
Umkhiqizo ubomvu ngombala futhi uqukethe inani elikhulu le-cobalt ne-manganese, elithinta kakhulu ifomula yokudla.
Umkhiqizo umpunga ngombala futhi uqukethe i-calcium ne-magnesium, okuthinta ukunqunywa kwe-titration endpoint.
Lo mkhiqizo uqukethe isibabule, esizibonakalisa njengombala ojwayelekile womkhiqizo, kodwa ukupakishwa kuba phuzi ngemva kokuba isibabule siphele.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ayiphathwa kahle futhi umkhiqizo uqukethe ukungcola okumnyama okusobala.
I-peroxide esele ku-zinc sulfate ibangela ukuthi umkhiqizo we-premix ushise ngokushesha ngemva kokuba i-premix ixutshwe futhi ukudla kwe-premix kulula ukushintsha umbala (ukungcola okufana ne-zinc oxide, i-sulfur trioxide, i-iron oxide kanye ne-manganese dioxide).
Umbala we-titration endpoint yokutholwa kokuqukethwe okuyinhloko uyabambezeleka futhi ubuyela obomvu ngokushesha.
Umehluko ngekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-trace element: i-zinc oxide
I-zinc oxide: i-zinc oxide emsulwa kakhulu (i-zinc oxide engu-99) kanye ne-zinc oxide ejwayelekile (i-zinc oxide engu-95), i-zinc oxide engu-95 inesabelo esikhulu semakethe.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza: Kunezinqubo eziningi zokukhiqiza ze-zinc oxide. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezahlukene, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukene, amazinga okushisa ahlukene e-calcination, njll. kuzobangela ukushintsha kombala wemikhiqizo.
Indlela engaqondile
I-99 zinc oxide Ikhiqizwa ngokugaya i-zinc ingots I-zinc oxide ekhanyayo Ubuningi obukhulu 200-500g/L Omhlophe.
Indlela eqondile
Ikhiqizwa ngokufaka i-zinc suboxide ekushiseni okuphezulu I-zinc oxide enamandla Isisindo esikhulu 1200-2000g/L Ophuzi omnyama Izinsimbi ezinzima zidlule kakhulu izinga
Indlela ye-asidi
Ikhiqizwa ngokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-zinc suboxide ngendlela ye-asidi I-zinc oxide ephakathi nendawo Ubuningi obukhulu 700-1000g/L Okuphuzi kancane kuya kokuphuzi
Indlela ye-Amoniya
Ikhiqizwa ngokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-zinc suboxide ngendlela ye-ammonia I-zinc oxide ephakathi nendawo Ubuningi obukhulu 700-1000g/L Okumhlophe kuya kokuphuzi kancane
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 24-2025
