Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaprotheni, ama-Peptides, nama-Amino Acids
Amaprotheni: Ama-macromolecules asebenzayo akhiwa iketango elilodwa noma amaningi e-polypeptide agoqeka abe yizakhiwo ezithile ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ngokusebenzisa ama-helices, amashidi, njll.
Amaketanga ePolypeptide: Ama-molecule afana neketango akhiwe ngama-amino acid amabili noma ngaphezulu axhunywe amabhondi e-peptide.
Ama-Amino Acid: Izakhi eziyisisekelo zamaprotheni; izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zikhona emvelweni.
Kafushane, amaprotheni akhiwa amaketanga e-polypeptide, nawo akhiwa ama-amino acid.
Inqubo Yokugaya Amaprotheni kanye Nokumuncwa Ezilwaneni
Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambi Komlomo: Ukudla kuhlukaniswa ngokuhlafuna emlonyeni, okwandisa indawo engaphezulu ukuze kugaywe i-enzymatic. Njengoba umlomo ungenawo ama-enzyme okugaya ukudla, lesi sinyathelo sithathwa njengokugaya ukudla ngomshini.
Ukwephulwa Kokuqala Kwesisu:
Ngemuva kokuthi amaprotheni ahlukanisiwe engene esiswini, i-gastric acid iyawaguqula, iveze izibopho ze-peptide. U-Pepsin ube esediliza amaprotheni nge-enzymatic abe ama-polypeptide amangqamuzana amakhulu, angena emathunjini amancane.
Ukugaya Emathunjini Amancane: I-Trypsin ne-chymotrypsin emathunjini amancane aphinde aphule ama-polypeptides abe ama-peptide amancane (ama-dipeptides noma ama-tripeptides) nama-amino acid. Lezi zibe sezingena emangqamuzaneni amathumbu ngezinhlelo zokuthutha ze-amino acid noma uhlelo oluncane lokuthutha lwe-peptide.
Ekondlekeni kwezilwane, womabili ama-trace elements ane-protein-chelated trace elements kanye nama-trace elements amancane e-peptide-chelated athuthukisa i-bioavailability yama-trace elements ngokusebenzisa i-chelation, kodwa ahluka kakhulu ezindleleni zawo zokumunca, ukuzinza, nezimo ezisebenzayo. Okulandelayo kunikeza ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo okuvela ezicini ezine: indlela yokumuncwa, izici zesakhiwo, imiphumela yohlelo lokusebenza, nezimo ezifanele.
1. I-Absorption Mechanism:
| Inkomba yokuqhathanisa | Amaprotheni-chelated Trace Elements | Ama-Trace Elements Amancane e-Peptide-chelated |
|---|---|---|
| Incazelo | Ama-Chelates asebenzisa amaprotheni ama-macromolecular (isb., amaprotheni ezitshalo e-hydrolyzed, amaprotheni e-whey) njengabathwali. Ama-ion ensimbi (isb., i-Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺) enza amabhondi axhumanisa namaqembu e-carboxyl (-COOH) kanye nama-amino (-NH₂) ezinsalela ze-amino acid. | Isebenzisa ama-peptides amancane (akhiwe ngama-amino acid angama-2-3) njengabathwali. Ama-ion ensimbi akha ama-chelates amaringi anamalungu amahlanu noma ayisithupha azinze kakhulu anamaqembu e-amino, amaqembu e-carboxyl, namaqembu eketango laseceleni. |
| Umzila Wokumuncwa | Idinga ukuhlukaniswa kwama-protease (isb., i-trypsin) emathunjini abe ama-peptide amancane noma ama-amino acid, akhiphe ama-ion ensimbi e-chelated. Lama-ion abe esengena emgudwini wegazi ngokusabalaliswa kokwenziwa noma ukuthutha okusebenzayo ngamashaneli e-ion (isb, i-DMT1, izithuthi ze-ZIP/ZnT) kumaseli e-epithelial amathumbu. | Ingamuncwa njengama-chelates aqinile ngokuqondile nge-peptide transporter (PepT1) kumaseli we-epithelial wamathumbu. Ngaphakathi kweseli, ama-ion ensimbi akhishwa ama-enzyme e-intracellular. |
| Ukulinganiselwa | Uma umsebenzi wama-enzyme wokugaya unganele (isb, ezilwaneni ezincane noma ngaphansi kwengcindezi), ukusebenza kahle kokuwohloka kwamaprotheni kuphansi. Lokhu kungase kuholele ekuphazamisekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwesakhiwo se-chelate, okuvumela i-ion yensimbi ukuba iboshwe yizinto eziphikisana nokudla okunomsoco njenge-phytate, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa. | Ukuvinjwa kokuncintisana kwamathumbu ama-bypasses (isb., kusuka ku-phytic acid), kanye nokumuncwa akuncikile emsebenzini wokugaya ukudla. Ilungele ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincane ezinezinhlelo zokugaya ukudla ezingavuthiwe noma ezigulayo/ezibuthakathaka. |
2. Izici Zesakhiwo Nokuzinza:
| Isici | Amaprotheni-chelated Trace Elements | Ama-Trace Elements Amancane e-Peptide-chelated |
|---|---|---|
| Isisindo samangqamuzana | Okukhulu (5,000~20,000 Da) | Okuncane (200~500 Da) |
| Amandla e-Chelate Bond | Amabhondi amaningi ahlanganisayo, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kwamangqamuzana okuyinkimbinkimbi kuholela ekuzinzeni okusesilinganisweni ngokuvamile. | Ukuvumelana okulula kwe-peptide emfushane kuvumela ukwakheka kwezakhiwo zamandandatho ezinzile. |
| I-Anti-interference Amandla | Ingathonywa yi-asidi yesisu kanye nokushintshashintsha kwe-pH yamathumbu. | Ukumelana okuqinile kwe-asidi ne-alkali; ukuzinza okuphezulu endaweni yamathumbu. |
3. Imiphumela Yohlelo Lokusebenza:
| Inkomba | Amaprotheni Chelates | I-Peptide Chelates encane |
|---|---|---|
| I-Bioavailability | Kuncike ekusebenzeni kwe-enzyme yokugaya. Isebenza kahle ezilwaneni ezindala ezinempilo, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kuncipha kakhulu ezilwaneni ezincane noma ezicindezelekile. | Ngenxa yomzila oqondile wokumuncwa kanye nesakhiwo esizinzile, i-trace element bioavailability iphakeme ngo-10% ~ 30% kunaleyo yama-protein chelates. |
| Ukwandiswa Okusebenzayo | Ukusebenza okubuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa, kusebenza njengezinkampani zenethiwekhi ye-trace element. | Ama-peptide amancane ngokwawo anemisebenzi efana nokulawulwa kokuzivikela komzimba kanye nomsebenzi wokulwa ne-antioxidant, ohlinzeka ngemiphumela eqinile ye-synergistic nge-trace elements (isb., i-Selenomethionine peptide inikeza kokubili ukwesekwa kwe-selenium kanye nemisebenzi ye-antioxidant). |
4. Izimo Ezifanelekile Nokucatshangelwa Kwezomnotho:
| Inkomba | Amaprotheni-chelated Trace Elements | Ama-Trace Elements Amancane e-Peptide-chelated |
|---|---|---|
| Izilwane Ezifanelekayo | Izilwane ezindala eziphile kahle (isb., izingulube eziqedayo, izinkukhu ezizalelayo) | Izilwane ezisencane, izilwane ezingaphansi kokucindezeleka, izinhlobo zasemanzini ezikhiqiza kakhulu |
| Izindleko | Okuphansi (izinto zokusetshenziswa zitholakala kalula, inqubo elula) | Okuphakeme (izindleko eziphakeme zokwenziwa kwe-peptide encane kanye nokuhlanzwa) |
| Umthelela Wezemvelo | Izingxenye ezingamuncwanga zingase zikhishwe endle, okungenzeka zingcolise indawo ezungezile. | Izinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa, ingozi ephansi yokungcoliswa kwemvelo. |
Isifinyezo:
(1) Ezilwaneni ezinezimfuneko ze-trace element ephezulu namandla okugaya ukudla abuthakathaka (isb., amachwane, amatshwele, izibungu zezimfanzi), noma izilwane ezidinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha lapho kukhona khona ukushiyeka, ama-peptide chelate amancane ayanconywa njengokukhetha kuqala.
(2) Ngamaqembu angabizi kakhulu anomsebenzi ojwayelekile wokugaya ukudla (isb., imfuyo nezinkukhu ekupheleni kwesigaba sokuqeda), izakhi zokulandelela ezinamaphrotheni-chelated zingakhethwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-14-2025
